EXIF
A metadata standard embedded in images by cameras and smartphones. Contains shooting parameters and GPS data.
EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) is an image metadata standard by JEITA. It embeds shooting conditions and device information into captured images automatically. Current version is EXIF 2.32 (2019), stored in JPEG, TIFF, and HEIF files.
Major EXIF data categories:
- Shooting parameters: Shutter speed, aperture, ISO, focal length, exposure compensation, metering mode
- Device information: Camera manufacturer, model, lens, firmware version
- Date and time: Capture time (DateTimeOriginal), digitization time, with sub-second precision
- GPS data: Latitude, longitude, altitude, shooting direction
- Image characteristics: Orientation tag, color space, resolution
The Orientation tag is critical - smartphone photos may have pixel arrangements differing from display orientation, causing 90-degree rotation if not interpreted correctly.
For privacy, GPS-tagged images published online risk exposing locations. Stripping EXIF before web publication protects privacy and reduces file size. Conversely, Copyright and Artist tags serve as rights management for professional assets.